muriatic acid что это
Muriatic Acid
Hydrochloric acid is known by other names including acidum salis, spirit of salts, and muriatic acid. The term “muriatic” means “pertaining to salt or brine.” Muriatic acid is a strong corrosive acid known for its distinctive pungent smell. It is chlorine-based acid that contains water. The acid is a solution of water, hydrogen chloride, and other chemical species such as chloride and hydronium ions. Muriatic acid is an important industrial chemical used in the production of plastics. It is also used at home as a descaling agent as well as a food additive in the food industry.
Discovery And Development
Hydrochloric acid was possibly discovered around 800 AD by alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan. In the 13th century, a widely known manuscript about alchemy called the Pseudo-Geber described preparing aqua regia by dissolving hydrochloric acid in nitric acid. Free hydrochloric acid and its preparation were first described in detail by Andreas Libavius in the 16th century when he prepared the acid by heating salt in a container made of clay. Other sources claim that the pure acid was discovered in the 15th century by Basil Valentine when he heated green vitriol and common salt. By the early 19th century, it was proven that the chemical composition of the acid contained chlorine and hydrogen.
Industrial Revolution
During the Industrial Revolution, soda ash production was quite widespread, especially in Europe. The Leblanc process was a method of producing soda ash that involved the use of sulfuric acid, coal, and limestone, resulting in hydrogen chloride as a byproduct. The byproduct was vented into the air, leading to pollution. In 1863, Britain passed the Alkaline Act and similar legislation was also passed in other countries. The legislation required producers of soda ash to absorb excess hydrogen chloride in water. The move led to the production of muriatic acid on an industrial scale.
Chemical And Physical Properties
Danger sign for hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid.
Hydrochloric acid is prepared by treating hydrogen chloride (HCL) with water (H2O) resulting in this chemical equation:
Muriatic acid is a strong acid because of its complete dissociation with water. It is one of the six strong mineral acids and is usually referred to as monoprotic acid because it is least likely affected by the oxidation-reduction process. Hydrochloric acid is less hazardous compared to other strong acids since it contains non-toxic and non-reactive chloride ions. It is the preferred acid in titration to determine the concentration of bases. Its physical properties such as density, boiling point, melting point, and pH depend on the concentration of hydrogen chloride in water. As a binary mixture of water and hydrogen chloride, the acid has a constant boiling point mixture at 20.2% hydrogen chloride and 108.6 °C.
Uses Of Muriatic Acid
The use of muriatic acid in the industrial process is often determined by the required quality of the product. One of the most common uses of this acid is in the pickling of steel to get rid of rust before further processing. Another important use of the acid is in the production of organic compounds for polyvinyl chloride plastic. Hydrochloric acid is also used to control or neutralize the pH of a solution. Other uses include household cleaning, leather processing, and the production of narcotics such as cocaine and heroin.
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См. также в других словарях:
Muriatic acid — Muriatic Mu ri*at ic, a. [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf. F. muriatique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. [1913 Webster]
muriatic acid — [ˌmjʊərɪ atɪk] noun archaic term for hydrochloric acid. Derivatives muriate noun Origin C17: muriatic from L. muriaticus, from muria brine … English new terms dictionary
muriatic acid — noun a former name for hydrochloric acid • Hypernyms: ↑hydrochloric acid, ↑chlorohydric acid … Useful english dictionary
muriatic acid — Hydrochloric acid, marine acid, spirit of sea salt … New dictionary of synonyms
muriatic acid — noun Etymology: French muriatique, from Latin muriaticus pickled in brine, from muria brine Date: 1756 hydrochloric acid … New Collegiate Dictionary
muriatic acid — (not in scientific use) See hydrochloric acid. [1780 90] * * * … Universalium
muriatic acid — mu′ri•at′ic ac′id [[t]ˈmyʊər iˈæt ɪk, ˌmyʊər [/t]] n. chem. hydrochloric acid • Etymology: 1780–90; < L muriāticus pickled, soaked in brine … From formal English to slang
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История гомеопатии в России. Справочные и популярные материалы о гомеопатии.
MURIATIC ACID
КРОВЬ. МЫШЦЫ: СЕРДЦА; АНУСА. СЛИЗИСТЫЕ ОБОЛОЧКИ: пищеварительного тракта; ПОЛОСТИ РТА. ЯЗЫК. Головной мозг.
От прикосновения. При сырой погоде.
От ходьбы. От холодного-питья; от купания в холодной воде. Сидя. От человеческого голоса.
От движения. От тепла. Лежа на левом боку.
Болезненность, БЕСПОКОЙНЫЙ И ВОЗБУДИМЫЙ, но очень скоро нарастает слабость и наступает сильное изнеможение; хочет лечь; сползает в постели, глаза закрываются; нижняя челюсть отвисает и т.д. Мышечное истощение. Синеватые, цианотичные части тела: язык, геморроидальные узлы, язвы и т.п. Рвущая боль в конечностях. ЖЖЕНИЕ. Части тела сухие, кровоточащие, потрескавшиеся или в глубоких язвах. Жидкие, едкие, зловонные выделения. Распад, разложение. Сильное кровотечение. Кровоточивость слизистых оболочек. Тифоподобные или похожие на цингу состояния. […].
Интровертирован. Печальный и молчаливый. Раздражительный. Бормочет. Беспрерывно громко стонет.
Головокружение, когда лежит на правом боку. Кажется, что головной мозг ушиблен. Периодическая боль над левым глазом. В затылке боли, свинцовая тяжесть. Режущая боль, распространяющаяся из сосцевидного отростка в заднюю часть шеи, хуже от прикосновения.
Темное или огненно-красное лицо; с холодными руками, но без жажды.
Губы раздраженные, потрескавшиеся и покрыты корками.
Сухость во рту и горле. Язык тяжелый, тугоподвижный, сморщенный или выглядит как обожженный (Ars.). Афты. Зубы: хуже от кислого или сладкого. Грязные отложения на зубах и деснах.
Отвращение к мясу. Асцит. Обильный, непроизвольный стул или выпадение прямой кишки при мочеиспускании или при отхождении газов. Очень болезненные геморроидальные узлы; лучше от тепла, жара.
Атония мочевого пузыря; вынужден тужиться до тех пор, пока не выпадет прямая кишка. Не может помочиться без того, чтобы не отошел стул.
Пальцы на руках и ногах красные, опухшие, жжение в них. Слабость бёдер.
Высыпания с чешуйками на тыльной поверхности кистей рук. Пульсация в язвах при ходьбе. Пульсация в отдельных частях тела. Скарлатина: редкие, рассеянные высыпания вперемешку с петехиями.
Минимальная продолжительность действия — 3 недели.
muriatic acid
1 соляная кислота
2 хлористоводородная кислота
См. также в других словарях:
Muriatic acid — Muriatic Mu ri*at ic, a. [L. muriaticus pickled, from muria brine: cf. F. muriatique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric. [1913 Webster]
muriatic acid — [ˌmjʊərɪ atɪk] noun archaic term for hydrochloric acid. Derivatives muriate noun Origin C17: muriatic from L. muriaticus, from muria brine … English new terms dictionary
muriatic acid — noun a former name for hydrochloric acid • Hypernyms: ↑hydrochloric acid, ↑chlorohydric acid … Useful english dictionary
muriatic acid — Hydrochloric acid, marine acid, spirit of sea salt … New dictionary of synonyms
muriatic acid — noun Etymology: French muriatique, from Latin muriaticus pickled in brine, from muria brine Date: 1756 hydrochloric acid … New Collegiate Dictionary
muriatic acid — (not in scientific use) See hydrochloric acid. [1780 90] * * * … Universalium
muriatic acid — mu′ri•at′ic ac′id [[t]ˈmyʊər iˈæt ɪk, ˌmyʊər [/t]] n. chem. hydrochloric acid • Etymology: 1780–90; < L muriāticus pickled, soaked in brine … From formal English to slang
How To: Use Muriatic Acid
Don’t play around with this strong stuff! Learn what it’s good for—and the right way to use it.
By Bob Vila | Updated Apr 13, 2021 9:59 AM
Muriatic acid, a less-pure variant of hydrochloric acid, is available in high concentrations for use in a host of home restoration and maintenance projects.
Homeowners should never reach for muriatic acid lightly. Instead, consider it a “last resort” when less toxic products fail to do the trick in cleaning, prepping, deoxidizing, or removing mold from masonry, concrete, metal, and swimming pools. Before you begin any project with this multipurpose substance, read on, first for guidance in using it safely, and then for its range of practical applications around the house.
Muriatic Acid vs. Hydrochloric Acid
Muriatic acid is a form of hydrochloric acid, as mentioned earlier. But while hydrochloric acid contains only HCI molecules, muriatic acid is made up of HCI molecules as well as impurities such as iron.
Other differences include muriatic acid’s slightly yellow color, a result of the additional iron content, compared to hydrochloric acid’s colorless appearance. And while muriatic acid is a potent cleaner that should be used with extreme caution around the house, it pales in comparison to the strength of pure hydrochloric acid, which is mostly used in laboratory settings with diligent safety measures in place.
Essential Safety Measures with Muriatic Acid
Due to all of the damage this chemical could cause in one wrong move, extreme caution is mandatory when using, storing, and disposing of muriatic acid. Adhere to the following best practices before beginning any project that involves the acid:
Effective Uses for Muriatic Acid
Practice all the safety precautions above, and you should be able to use muriatic acid with great success. Here are six projects where you might find it indispensable:
How to Dispose of Muriatic Acid
Like many potent chemicals used for cleaning and repair, muriatic acid cannot be dumped down the drain or anywhere on your property. It must be disposed of safely to avoid harming your home and the environment.
First things first, don’t try neutralizing the used or leftover acid yourself. Instead, call your local recycling center, as they will be best equipped to walk you through the proper steps for disposing of muriatic acid. Likely, they’ll advise you to simply seal up the container it’s in and bring it to a location designed to deal with hazardous household waste.