russian air force что это

Air Force

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 16 July 1997 determined formation of a new Service of the Armed Forces (AF) on the base of the previous Air Defence Force (Russian abb. ADF) and Air Force (Russian abb. AiF). This required from their Main Staffs during the transitional period intense activity aimed at perfoming structural changes in organization of the control system and the groups of troops being created.

By March 1, 1998 the Administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and the Main Staff of the Air Force were formed on the base of control bodies of the Air Defence Force and the Air Force, and the Air Defence Force and the Air Force were merged into a new Service of the Russian Armed Forces – the Air Force.

The Air Force of the Russian Federation is designed for:

The Air Force includes: the Aviation, Antiaircraft Missile and Radio-Technical Troops, which are the Arms of the Air Force, as well as the Special Forces (reconnaissance, signal communications, electronic support and automated control systems, electronic warfare, engineering, radiological, chemical and biological defence, land-surveying, search and rescue, meteorological, aeronautic, logistical), the units, subdivisions of military control bodies’ guarding, the medical and other organizations.

According to its mission and tasks the Air Force’s Aviation is divided into the long-range, front-line, military transport and army aviation, which in turn can be composed of the bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aircraft units. The basis of the Air Force’s combat strength is presented with air bases and brigades of the Aerospace Defence.

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Military

Russian Federation Air Force (RFAF) / Aviatsiya Voyenno

The Air Force includes: the Aviation, Antiaircraft Missile and Radio-Technical Troops, which are the Arms of the Air Force, as well as the Special Forces (reconnaissance, signal communications, electronic support and automated control systems, electronic warfare, engineering, radiological, chemical and biological defence, land-surveying, search and rescue, meteorological, aeronautic, logistical), the units, subdivisions of military control bodies’ guarding, the medical and other organizations.

According to its mission and tasks the Air Force’s Aviation is divided into the long-range, front-line, military transport and army aviation, which in turn can be composed of the bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aircraft units. The basis of the Air Force’s combat strength is presented with air bases and brigades of the Aerospace Defence.

The Air Force is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces designed for aerial warfare. It’s main responsibility is to support and defend the Ground Forces and Navy. This is accomplished by delivering strikes against enemy targets, providing tactical aerial reconnaisance, gaining air superiority and acting as a deterrent, and the aerial defense of the nation’s major industrial hubs.

Air Force (VVS) personnel operate all military aircraft except units that belong to the Naval Forces. As a part of the organizational reform aimed at increasing efficiency and cutting military personnel, the Air Defense Force (PVO) was merged with the Air Force in 1998. The RVSN was made part of the VVS and is controlled by the 37th Air Army of the Air Force. Starting January 2003 all Army Aviation Units also reside under command of the Air Force. The Air Forces also provided and trained prospective cosmonauts for the Soviet space program.

By the mid-1990s the air defense forces had a total of about 200,000 troops, of whom 60,000 were conscripts, with about 850 combat aircraft, including 100 MiG-23, 425 MiG-31, and 325 Su-27 aircraft. In 1989 the Air Forces had 450,000 personnel. By 1996 the Air Forces included about 130,000 troops, of which 40,000 were conscripts. According to CFE Treaty figures, at the end of 1994 Russia’s air forces, including air defense, possessed a total of 3,283 combat aircraft.

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 16 July 1997 determined formation of a new Service of the Armed Forces (AF) on the base of the previous Air Defence Force (Russian abb. ADF) and Air Force (Russian abb. AiF). This required from their Main Staffs during the transitional period intense activity aimed at perfoming structural changes in organization of the control system and the groups of troops being created.

By March 1, 1998 the Administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and the Main Staff of the Air Force were formed on the base of control bodies of the Air Defence Force and the Air Force, and the Air Defence Force and the Air Force were merged into a new Service of the Russian Armed Forces – the Air Force.

According to the resolutions of the Security Council meeting of 11 August 2000, the major reform measures of the general purpose forces will be accomplished by 2006. By that time these forces will have over 800,000 servicemen, for a total reduction of 400,000 troops [possibly as soon as 2003]. The air force would lose about 40,000 under this plan.

Frontal Aviation was the Soviet Union’s tactical air force assigned to the military districts and the groups of forces. Its mission was to provide air support to Ground Forces units. Frontal Aviation cooperated closely with the Air Defense Aviation arm of the Air Defense Forces. Protected by the latter’s fighter interceptors, Frontal Aviation in wartime would deliver conventional, nuclear, or chemical ordnance on the enemy’s supply lines and troop concentrations to interdict its combat operations. It would be under the operational control of Ground Forces field commanders. In 1989 Frontal Aviation was divided into sixteen air armies composed of fighter, fighter-bomber, tactical reconnaissance, and electronic warfare aircraft.

Military Transport Aviation provided rapid strategic mobility for the armed forces. Its missions were to transport the Airborne Troops for rapid intervention by parachute and to supply and resupply Soviet forces abroad, and deliver arms and military equipment to Soviet allies around the world. In 1989 Military Transport Aviation had five air divisions, including 200 An-12, 55 An-22, 340 Il-76, and 5 An-124 transport aircraft. Having entered service only in 1987, the An-124 was the first Soviet transport that could lift outsized equipment such as main battle tanks. By the mid-1990s the Military Transport Aviation Command was organized into three divisions, each comprising three regiments of thirty aircraft. In addition, there were a few independent aviation transport regiments, including one stationed in Kaliningrad. Overall, the independent training regiments deployed about 350 aircraft of the Il-76 Kandid, An-12, An-22, and An-124 types.

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Russian Air Force

The Russian Air Force is one of the largest and the most effective military forces in the world.

Nowadays the Russian Air Force gets annually up to 150 aircraft (planes and helicopters) – not counting advanced radar facilities, low-level stations, SAM systems and anti-aircraft gun/missile systems of the latest generation.

The role of the Russian Air Force

The prime objectives of the Russian Air Force are to maintain defensive (protection against any act of aggression) and offensive (active protection) operations.

A special focus is placed on the defence of essential state, economic, industrial and military centres. The Russian vast territory makes full protection nearly impossible. Any aggressor will be certainly intercepted in the air, but if enemy aviation crosses the northern border of Siberia, its interception will take some time.

Both conventional (in particular, high-accuracy and high-capacity) and nuclear weapons can be used to hit enemy infrastructure, technique and armed forces.

It is worth mentioning that Russia has never used nuclear weapons in a military conflict.

The Russian Air Force also supports operations, sustained by other branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.

The Aerospace Defence Forces

This branch of the armed forces is a part of the Russian Air Force. In fact, the Aerospace Defence Forces are the very “umbrella”, protecting Russia against any space aggression.

It should be mentioned that ballistic nuclear missiles are launched into space to prevent their early interception.

However, the missiles of major nuclear powers are not the only “umbrella” target.

The “umbrella” keeps outer space under surveillance and can deal with space threats independently.

The “umbrella” is supposedly responsible for the destruction of the Chelyabinsk meteor in the upper atmosphere, otherwise wreckage on the earth would have been unavoidable (some camera footages show the trace of a rocket, lead to the meteor).

The aviation

The aviation is traditionally based on airbases.

The long-range (strategic) aviation

The long-range aviation fleet mainly consists of strategic missile carriers the Tupolev Tu-160 and Tu-95MS, long-range bombers and missile carriers the Tupolev Tu-22M3, aerial refueling tankers the Ilyushin Il-78 and reconnaissance planes the Tupolev Tu-22MR.

The photo of the Tupolev Tu-22M3

The long-range aviation is capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

The patrol area of the Russian long-rage aviation currently covers the whole world.

Nowadays the already built planes are going through serious modernization. Furthermore, Prospective Air Complex for Long Range Aviation (PAK DA) is under development.

The military transport aviation

Such military transport aircraft as the Ilyushin Il-78MD, the Antonov An-26, An-22, An-124, An-12PP and transport helicopters the Mil Mi-8MTV are in service with the Russian Air Force.

Among major objectives of military transport aviation stand maintenance of landing operations for the Russian Airborne Troops and air delivery of multipurpose cargo.

The aircraft fleet is reinforced with new planes the Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A, Il-112V and the Antonov An-70.

The tactical, army, attack, fighter and bomber aviation

These branches of the Russian Air Force meet operational, tactical and strategic challenges.

The Russian aviation is actively renewed with jet fighters the Sukhoi Su-30SM, Su-30M2, the Mikoyan MiG-29SMT, tactical bombers Su-34 and multipurpose planes Su-35S.

There are plans to supply the following helicopters Ka-52 “Alligator”, Mi-28N “Night Hunter”, Mi-8AMTSH (MTV-5-1), Mi-8MTPR, Mi-35M, Ka-226 and „Ansat-U“.

Mi-28N “Night Hunter”

Mi-28N “Night Hunter”

The Anti-aircraft Missile Troops

The Anti-aircraft Missile Troops are regarded as major fire power in the Russian Aerospace Defence system.

The modern Russian SAM (surface-to-air missile) systems S-300 and especially S-400, as well as the anti-aircraft gun/missile system “Pantsir-S1”, are capable of annihilating almost all kinds of air threats.

The photo: Self-propelled launch vehicle for S-400 system

The troops are being retooled with new systems and complexes “Pantsir-S (SM)”, S-400 and S-500.

The Russian Air Force also includes the Radio-Technical Troops and the Special Troops.

How Russians bombed Berlin

Here is a short story from the history of aviation. In 1941 World War II reached the doorstep of the Soviet Union.

After a month of the Nazi invasion Russians executed an unprecedented operation – they made an air raid on Berlin.

Joseph Goebbles’ ministry called for the total annihilation of the Soviet aviation. Being in extremely dire straits, the Red Army had to prove otherwise. However the distance to the German capital was too long.

The Russian bombers were rid of all the armour in order to decrease their weight. They flew on the maximum height. Since it was a secret operation strict radio silence was maintained.

The air raid on Berlin took place on June 26, 1941. Although the German capital got multilevel protection, the Nazis did not see the Soviet bombers coming. Air raid sirens were switched on only after bombing.

The Russian pilots had to fight their way back through a firewall. There were no casualties over the enemy territory.

Where to see? Not far from Moscow

Among tourist attractions of the town Shchyolkovo (23 miles from Moscow) is the Central Museum of the Air Force (the biggest in Europe). Its numerous exhibits, displayed in facilities and in the open air, are truly unique.

Nowadays the Russian Air Force is a complex defence system, protecting the Russian territory from all kinds of air assaults, including threats from outer space.

Some parts of this article are based on the official material taken from the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.

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World Air Forces 2021: Russia Has the 2nd Largest Global Military AF

The renowned British journal Flight International has released the World Air Forces 2021 guide, dedicated to assessing air forces around the world. The document covers the activities of world air forces during the coronavirus pandemic and provides detailed data on the air fleets of 160 countries of the world.

The handbook notes the significant impact of the pandemic on the activities of the Air Force. “Rather than carrying out normal day-to-day activities and combat commitments, the world’s air forces, armies, and navies had to respond quickly and adapt to the health crisis that is rapidly sweeping across the globe,” the report says.

The authors of the handbook name the following new tasks assigned to the Air Force in a pandemic:

According to World Air Forces 2021, since September 2019, the number of transport aircraft in service has increased by 36 to become 4,301, which is approximately 8% of the global aviation fleet. In general, the number of military aircraft in the world decreased by 327 and amounted to 53,563 units.

However, the situation is not the same across different world regions. For example, the Air Force of Russia and the CIS countries in the current period was replenished with 13 aircraft, and their total number increased to 5,029.

Thus, Russia ranks second in the number of transport aircraft (429 units, 10%) and combat helicopters (1548 units, 8%), ranks third in the number of combat aircraft (1531 units, 10%), special ships (130 units, 7% ), and combat training aircraft and helicopters (494 units, 4%), and ranks fourth by the number of tanker aircraft (19 units, 2%).

The World Air Forces 2021 guide provides a ranking of the Top 10 aircraft for each type identified by the authors (by the number of units of the total number of units of the world air force). Some Russian-made aircraft were also included in the Top 10.

In the category «Combat helicopters» the second place is taken by the Mi-8/17 (2906 units, 14%), the fifth place is taken by the Mi-24/35 (962 units, 5%).

Russian-made aircraft and helicopters are not represented in the Top-10 category «Combat trainer aircraft and helicopters».

The report also describes in detail the air forces of individual countries. The table includes data on aircraft in service, as well as aircraft for the supply of which firm contracts have been concluded or for which approval or signing of contracts is expected (data on these aircraft are marked in the tables «*»).

For Russia, this table, according to Flight International, looks like this:

You can read the full WORLD AIR DORCES 2021 report here.

Read more about Russian Air Force military equipment in the Arms Catalog (available only in Russian). You can find articles about aviation in the following sections:

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