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Whois/Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)
On this page
Looking for instructions on using ARIN’s Whois/RDAP search? Visit ARIN’s Whois page.
Overview
Registry Data Access Protocol (RDAP) is a Whois alternative for querying resource registration data from Domain Name Registries (DNRs) and Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) like ARIN. When you use RDAP clients to query registration data, responses are delivered in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format (instead of the text format provided by Whois). When you use the Search Site or Whois feature or use https://search.arin.net/rdap/ for Whois queries, RDAP responses are returned in formatted HTML.
How does RDAP differ from Whois?
Understanding Bootstrapping
A bootstrap server is a special type of server for helping clients find an authoritative server to query (this is called bootstrapping). Query bootstrapping can be an expensive process for some clients, and a bootstrap server can alleviate that expense by pre-loading the bootstrapping information. To utilize an RDAP bootstrap server, an RDAP client simply sends RDAP queries and receives HTTP redirects to the authoritative server.
Bootstrap files are JSON files specified in RFC 7484. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) publishes the following files:
If you use the correct query URL in your RDAP query, ARIN’s bootstrap server automatically sends the queries to the correct server.
Operating Your Own Bootstrap Server
The ARIN bootstrap server is open source and can be found on GitHub.
How to Get Registration Information Using RDAP
You can use RDAP to get registration information from ARIN using the following methods:
Using the Whois/RDAP Web Interface
You can access the Whois/RDAP web interface by choosing one of these options:
For more information on using the Whois/RDAP web interface, visit the Whois page.
Using an RDAP Client
ARIN has written a command-line RDAP client called NicInfo.
In addition, there are clients available from DNSBelgium, CNNIC, and CentralNIC.
NicInfo Query Structure
The parts of an RDAP query are comprised of the object you are querying and the bootstrap server (optional). For example, to query an object using ARIN’s bootstrap server, you would enter the command:
where is an IP address, domain name, ASN, or entity identifier.
To query an object without using ARIN’s bootstrap server, you would enter:
where is an IP address, domain name, ASN, or entity identifier.
For a specific example, to query an ASN of AS64496, you would enter the following query (using bootstrap):
The returned response for a query for AS64496 might look like the following example.
Using Query URLs
You can create RDAP queries with a URL structure that can be used with command-line tools like cURL, or included in scripts written in languages like Ruby or perl.
Query URLs have the following structure:
where is the registration information provider’s RDAP server URL (in this case, ARIN’s RDAP URL) and is an IP address, domain name, ASN, or entity identifier. The following sections provide examples of RDAP queries.
IP Networks
Queries for information about IP networks are of the form:
Domains
This query searches for forward domain name or reverse domain information that matches the search term you enter. Since ARIN’s registry does not contain forward domain information, if you are searching for forward domains, your query will return results from a domain registrar (for example, Verisign), and the source of the results will be indicated in the results. Some registrars will not provide information for all fields in the result; for example, if the registrar does not collect that particular data, or if privacy laws prevent the registrar from sharing that data.
Reverse domain information (also called an “inverse address domain”) includes the “in-addr.arpa” or “ip6.arpa” domain name that is used in reverse DNS. Reverse domain information, along with pointer (PTR) records, is used to find the domain name associated with an IP address. If you are searching for the reverse domain associated with an IP address (for example, 0.43.199.in-addr.arpa that is associated with 199.43.0.0 ), the information will come from ARIN or the RIR where the reverse DNS is configured.
Queries for domain information are of the form:
where is the registration information provider’s RDAP server URL (in this case, ARIN’s RDAP URL) and domain is the forward domain, in-addr.arpa, or ip6.arpa domain.
Origin AS
The query to search for networks associated with an Origin AS value is:
where ORIGIN_AS_NUMBER is the value in the Origin AS field associated with the network. The Origin AS field contains a list of the ASNs, separated by commas or whitespace, from which the addresses in the network address block(s) may originate. (Do not include the AS prefix.)
To prevent performance issues, an Origin AS query limits the returned networks to 256 results.
Queries for information regarding ASN registrations are of the form:
POC or Organization Identifier (Org ID)
Queries for information about entities (POCs and Org IDs) are of the form:
where the parameter represents the POC or Org ID/ Org Handle (e.g., KOSTE6-ARIN ).
Nameserver
Querying for nameservers (as specified in RFC 0952 and RFC 1123) is supported by domain registries, but is not supported for ARIN’s registration data through RDAP.
Where to Go for Additional Help with RDAP
For full details and specifications, please view the following IETF Internet Request for Comments (RFC) documents:
If you need help using the RDAP service, ARIN recommends subscribing and posting to the arin-tech-discuss mailing list. You may wish to check the mailing list archives before submitting your question.
Using Whois
Related
Registration Services Help Desk
7:00 AM to 7:00 PM ET
Phone: +1.703.227.0660
Fax: +1.703.997.8844
Community Software Repository
ARIN furnishes a software repository as a service to the community, to promote tools that are related to ARIN’s mission. These tools include command-line clients, Java applications, Ruby scripts, and other clients that interface with ARIN’s Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), including our Whois RESTful Web Service (Whois-RWS), the Registration RESTful Web Service (Reg-RWS), and Resource Certification, also known as Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI).
These tools are furnished “as is” and maintained by members in the community. If you would like ARIN to host your tools for the community to use, please contact projects@arin.net with a short description of the project and how it is relevant to ARIN’s mission. We strongly encourage community members to develop, test, and submit similar clients and tools for projects.arin.net, as our APIs and services continue to evolve.
ArinWhois.NET
NicInfo
NicInfo is a general purpose, command-line client for the Registry Data Access Protocol (RDAP), an HTTP-based RESTful protocol defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a replacement for Whois. NicInfo was released under an open source, IS0-derivative BSD-style license. This client’s code supports most of the features in the current IETF specifications, but should be considered “alpha” quality, as the IETF specifications applicable to this client are not yet finalized.
The general usage of this software from the command line is nicinfo QUERY_VALUE where the QUERY_VALUE is an IP address, domain name, autonomous system number, name server host name, or entity identifier. NicInfo will attempt to determine the most appropriate RDAP server to query and follow redirects to other RDAP servers as needed.
RDAP Bootstrap
RDAP Bootstrap is a web application that acts as an RDAP. This web application is meant for use in conjunction with RDAP clients without their own bootstrap knowledge. This bootstrap server will redirect RDAP clients to the most appropriate authoritative RDAP server.
RDAP is a specification from the IETF that is designed as a replacement for Whois data services for Domain Name Registries (DNRs) and Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Unlike Whois, RDAP is an HTTP-based Representational State Transfer (REST)-style protocol with responses specified in JSON. Whois is a text based protocol, utilizing a specialized protocol and port. Whois defines no queries or responses, and as a result the interaction with DNRs and RIRs can vary significantly.
RDAP is specified in RFCs 7480, 7481, 7482, 7483, 7484, and 7485.
RPKI Up/Down Login
ARIN has implemented an RPKI instance within its Operational Test and Evaluation environment (OT&E), which offers the opportunity to experiment with different facets of RPKI and ROA requesting in an environment with a production-like repository and UI, without any impact on production data.
ARINcli
ARINcli is a set of command-line scripts, written in Ruby, that utilize ARIN’s Whois-RWS and Reg-RWS. Whois-RWS is ARIN’s Whois/NICNAME RESTful web service for exposing IP network and ASN registration data to the public (note that this service pre-dates the IETF WEIRDS/RDAP service and is not yet compatible with that specification). Reg-RWS is ARIN’s registration RESTful web service available to customers of ARIN.
Registry Data Access Protocol (RDAP): A Common Whois System
By Andy Newton – Chief Engineer, ARIN
For decades the only common method for accessing data in all the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) has been Whois. Unfortunately, as a protocol, Whois does not specify any queries or responses making true interoperability between RIRs very difficult. This situation is even worse for domain registries.
In March, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published a set of Requests for Comment (RFCs) for a protocol intended to be a replacement for the Whois systems of RIRs and Domain Name Registries (DNRs). This protocol is called the Registry Data Access Protocol (RDAP), and it is based on the common approach of delivering results in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format over HTTP (also know as a Representational State Transfer, or RESTful web service). Both LACNIC and APNIC have already fielded servers speaking this new protocol. On 20 June 2015, ARIN officially deployed its RDAP services. The other RIRs and many DNRs are expected to do so very soon as well.
ARIN’s RDAP services are composed of an RDAP version of its WHOIS system, essentially returning ARIN registration data in RDAP format, and an RDAP bootstrap service.
In RDAP, the method to find the proper server for which to send queries is called bootstrapping. It is a set of processes that involve downloading JSON files from IANA and indexing them appropriately. For some types of clients, such as Javascript programs running in web browsers or simple Bash scripts using curl or wget, bootstrapping can be onerous. But ARIN’s bootstrapping service makes this trivial. Clients that do not wish to conduct bootstrapping simply send their RDAP queries to the bootstrap service, and an HTTP(S) redirect will be returned instructing the client where next to send the query.
ARIN’s bootstrap service is located at https://rdap.arin.net/bootstrap. A query for IP address 1.0.0.0 would look like this: https://rdap.arin.net/bootstrap/ip/1.0.0.0. That query results in a redirect to APNIC, whereas http://rdap.arin.net/bootstrap/ip/23.0.0.0 results in a redirect to ARIN’s RDAP registry service (located at https://rdap.arin.net/registry). Incidentally, the code for ARIN’s RDAP bootstrap service is open source and available on GitHub.
ARIN has also made available an RDAP command-line client called NicInfo. This is an open source, Ruby program, and most recent versions of Linux and Mac OS can be simply installed with вЂgem install nicinfo’. More information on NicInfo can be found on its GitHub pages.
Reminder—Upcoming Security Improvements and Change to RDAP Bootstrap URL
Posted: Wednesday, 20 January 2021
Service Update
This announcement is to remind you of previously-announced changes that ARIN is making, including the following:
More information is provided in this announcement.
Security Improvements for WhoWhois-RWS, RDAP, and www.arin.net
As announced on 22 October 2020 and 2 December 2020, upcoming security improvements for Whois-RWS, RDAP, and www.arin.net are scheduled to be completed on or around 19 February 2021. The following information is from the previous announcement:
Earlier this year, ARIN implemented security enhancements that included ending support for TLS 1.0 for Whois-RWS and RDAP services and improving ciphers used in www.arin.net. As part of our continuing effort to improve security, on or around 19 February 2021, we will end support for TLS 1.1 and weak Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange parameters on www.arin.net, Whois-RWS, and RDAP. We will also update the ciphers available on Whois-RWS and RDAP to match those on www and reg.arin.net. The removal of TLS 1.1 may impact the way you interface programmatically with ARIN to query and retrieve information from Whois-RWS and RDAP.
We are providing you advance notice of these changes, as you may need to make configuration or code changes on your clients that interface with Whois-RWS and RDAP services. We encourage you to make these changes so you will have no operational impact when we disable the vulnerable transport protocol version.
RDAP Bootstrap Server Change of Address
As announced on 21 November 2020 and 16 December 2020, the ARIN Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Bootstrap server address is changing. The following information is from the previous announcement:
More information about how the bootstrap URL works and this upcoming change can be found on TeamARIN at https://teamarin.net/2020/12/11/buckle-up-change-of-address-coming-for-arins-bootstrap-server/. If you have questions or comments about this change, please submit an Ask ARIN ticket using your ARIN Online account, or contact the Registration Services Help Desk by phone Monday through Friday, 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM ET at +1.703.227.0660.
Mark Kosters
Chief Technology Officer
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
Security Improvements for Whois-RWS, RDAP, and www.arin.net
Posted: Wednesday, 02 December 2020
Service Update
Earlier this year, ARIN implemented security enhancements that included ending support for TLS 1.0 for Whois-RWS and RDAP services and improving ciphers used in www.arin.net. As part of our continuing effort to improve security, on or around 19 February 2021, we will end support for TLS 1.1 and weak Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange parameters on www.arin.net, Whois-RWS, and RDAP. We will also update the ciphers available on Whois-RWS and RDAP to match those on www and reg.arin.net. The removal of TLS 1.1 may impact the way you interface programmatically with ARIN to query and retrieve information from Whois-RWS and RDAP.
Changes in our supported versions of TLS are due to well-known security issues with this protocol. More information is available at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-oldversions-deprecate/. ARIN continues to support TLS 1.2. The cipher update satisfies ACSP Suggestion 2015.15: Improvements to SSL Security for whois.arin.net.
We are providing you advance notice of these changes, as you may need to make configuration or code changes on your clients that interface with Whois-RWS and RDAP services. We encourage you to make these changes so you will have no operational impact when we disable the vulnerable transport protocol version.
Mark Kosters
Chief Technology Officer
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)