proof of humanity что это
Human Protocol расширяет инструмент hCaptcha, запускает кошелек, чтобы сделать ИИ умнее
Human Protocol запустил инструмент, который позволяет разработчикам подключать функцию «Proof-of-HUMANity» к криптовалютным кошелькам.
С бумом децентрализованных финансов (DeFi) боты все чаще становятся проблемой. Известно, что боты обрывают очередь выполнения, прямо перед известной будущей транзакцией, чтобы извлечь выгоду из изменения цены. Бот-разрушитель от Human является независимой и более частной альтернативой reCAPTCHA от Google, которая используется большинством веб-сайтов.
По его словам, инструмент не только повышает возможности «KYC», но и может «поддерживать целостность управления на цепочке». С этой целью Human Protocol ранее сотрудничал с популярным криптокошелеком MetaMask и сетью Data Oracle Chainlink, чтобы предоставить пользователям доступ к методу hCaptcha (если разработчики приложений поддерживают его).
Но подождите.
В дополнение к добавленной функции «Proof-of-HUMANity» лаборатория Human Protocol Labs выпускает собственный кошелек, кошелек HUMAN, который будет служить основным способом взаимодействия с даппами и платформами на орбите протокола.
По сути, это децентрализованная платформа, где заявители могут краудсорсинговать людей для выполнения задач, которые помогают укрепить сети машинного обучения. Искусственный интеллект не так хорош в идентификации конкретного контента в видео, так что именно туда приходят люди. Работникам выплачивается компенсация в родном токене человека, HMT.
Лонни Рэй из Human сказал, что одной из целей здесь является решение проблемы отсутствия финансовой безопасности и средств правовой защиты, когда речь заходит о просроченных или отсутствующих платежах для работников, которые выполнили задачи.
Обучение у как можно большего количества людей будет иметь решающее значение для развития ИИ и жизненно важно для обучения алгоритмам машинного обучения. Кошелек HUMAN будет использоваться для просмотра вакансий по мере их публикации, обеспечения безопасности человеческой сети путем размещения ставок с помощью надежных валидаторов и использования кросс-цепочечных приложений.
«Вместе эти системы позволят людям, машинам и автономной среде решать все более сложные вопросы, связанные с наукой о данных и машинным обучением».
A Proof of Humanity FAQ
A dedicated FAQ answering many questions regarding the inner workings of the Proof of Humanity platform.
Jimmy Ragosa
Read more posts by this author.
Federico Ast
Jimmy Ragosa, Federico Ast
What is the purpose of Proof of Humanity?
Proof of Humanity is a system combining social verification with video submission in order to create a Sybil-proof list of humans. It is meant to be used by individuals as a point-of-entry to a myriad of new use cases that require Sybil-resistance to be able to be deployed at scale and also to be plugged into a variety of existing and new applications in need for such identity systems.
Why should I register to PoH? What are its use cases?
Check out the numerous use cases of proof of humanity in this post.
What’s the connection between Proof of Humanity and the UBI Token?
Proof of Humanity is a dapp created with the purpose of creating a Sybil-resistant list of humans. The UBI Token is a universal income currency which is accrued by all profiles successfully registered in the Proof of Humanity registry. To learn more about the UBI Token, check the UBI announcement post.
How do I use the Proof of Humanity registry?
Check out the full explainer article to learn how to interact with Proof of Humanity.
Can I, as a single individual, have more than one identity submitted to Proof of Humanity?
Which Ethereum address should I use to register in Proof of Humanity?
Which phases will my profile go through before being registered?
Once you have submitted your profile, it will be in the “Vouching Phase” until you get vouched for and your deposit gets fully funded. Initially, you will only need 1 person to vouch for you (it enables faster onboarding in the registry at launch) but the number of vouches needed can be increased later on.
Then, your profile will move to the “Pending Registration” phase, during which anyone can challenge it for a period of 3.5 days if they think you are not human or if it violates the submission guidelines.
If your profile isn’t challenged during this period or the challenges are not successful, you are “Registered”.
If you are challenged, you will either go back to “Pending Registration” phase or be “Removed” depending on the ruling of Kleros Court.
Once you are “Registered”, your profile can either expire after a year (if you don’t reapply) or someone can make a request for removal which will move it to the “Pending removal” phase during when anyone can challenge the removal.
If your profile is “Expired”, “Removed” or about to expire soon, you can reapply for submission which will bring you back to the “Vouching Phase”
Simplified phase transitions of a profile in PoH (without appeals).
You can learn more about how the challenge and the dispute resolution system works in Kleros Court documentation.
Why should I vouch for someone? What’s in it for me?
Vouching for someone is a benevolent act in order to help people you know be accepted into the registry. Be careful with whom you vouch for. If by mistake (or excess of trust) you vouch for a malicious user, you will be penalized.
What happens if I vouch for a malicious user?
If a submission is rejected for «Duplicate» or «Does not exist» reasons, all people who had vouched for the rejected profile get removed from the registry. This allows to weed out malicious attackers who vouch for bots. It also means you have to be careful when vouching: make sure you know this person in real life and that it is not a duplicate.
How many people can I vouch for?
You can vouch for as many people as you would like. However your vouch will only count for one person at a time in the order they were given. A user vouching can only be used for one submission at a time on a “first come, first served” basis.
For example, assume user A is registered. A vouches for user B. User B uses the vouch and moves to «Pending registration» phase. Then A vouches for user C. Since the vouching of A is already in use by B, C remains in the «Vouching Phase» for now, but will move to «Pending registration» phase once B is registered.
Can I remove a vouch?
Yes, you can remove a vouch at anytime by going to the vouched profile and clicking on «Remove Vouch»
How long does the registration last?
Registrations have a duration of one year. This means that users need to periodically reapply to the registry. The purpose of the limited registration period is to remove people who die and malicious submissions which might have made it into the list. Conditions to reapply are similar to the original application.
You can reapply before the current registration period ends in order to avoid spending some time unregistered. Users reapplying (such that they have the required vouching and deposit) before their registration ends are considered registered for the entire period of their new application.
What rules should I follow to submit a proper profile or to remove an incorrect one?
Check the Proof of Humanity policy to obtain all the detailed conditions for a profile to be accepted or rejected from the registry.
Can I request to remove someone else profile from the registry?
A request to remove a registered submission from the list can be made at any time by submitting a deposit. Anyone can put a deposit claiming the registration to be correct. If no one does, the individual is removed from the list. If someone does, a dispute is created. Note that in case of a successful removal request, people vouching for the user are not removed from the list.
I want to remove my profile and submit it again but because I want to change something about it. How do I proceed?
IF YOUR PROFILE IS STILL IN «VOUCHING PHASE»
There is not yet an option on the app to remove a profile in «Vouching Phase». For this, you will need to interact directly with the smart contract:
IF YOUR PROFILE IS ALREADY «REGISTERED»
First, you need to remove your own outdated profile and then either reapply or submit with another address for a new registration. In order to remove your old registered profile, you need to go to your registered profile page and click on the «Request Removal» button and then provide evidence that you are indeed the submitter.
Example 1. Send a removal request from the same address as the submitter.
Evidence Name: Self-removal of submission.
Evidence Description: I am the submitter as proven by my address and I want to remove this submission.
Example 2: Send a removal request from a different address than the submitter.
Evidence Name: Self-removal of submission.
Evidence Description: I am the submitter and I want to remove this submission. The video attached is a recording of myself saying the sentence “I want to remove my own submission from the Proof of Humanity registry.”
Why did the registry start with some users already registered in it?
Since we require user vouching for new members, we had to start with an initial set of trusted and manually curated users. Those registered through the seeding event will still have to periodically confirm their registration like any other user.
Why can’t I display my ENS in my submission video?
In order to reduce the attack surface at launch, we decided against allowing to display or use ENS. A user could lose control of its ENS, forget to renew it, or be outbid. We opted to link the ownership of the profile to the simple straightforward ownership of the Ethereum address having submitted it. This could change in the future through Kleros Governance.
Why is the Proof of Humanity app deployed on Ethereum mainnet where gas fees are high?
The Proof of Humanity registry is deployed on Ethereum mainnet because it is where its anti-Sybil attacks properties are the most useful and will allow more dapps to use it. It also relies on several other contracts such as Kleros Court that are not yet deployed on Layer 2 solutions.
The PoH contract has been gas-optimized as much as possible to reduce gas fees when interacting with it. We are aware that gas fees on mainnet are high but we think the steady UBI distribution will compensate those fees paid by the token holders to enter the registry
The contracts are ready for gasless vouching and the UI for it will be implemented soon. In the future, the Kleros DAO will have the power to decide if migrating the PoH registry to a Layer 2 solution is viable.
As deepfakes get better, will challengers be able to keep up technologically to defend against this?
Improvements in machine learning are likely to affect the effectiveness of both deepfake creation and deepfake detection algorithms. If algorithms manage to produce deepfakes not detectable by other algorithms, other evidence would need to be required. This can be decided through Kleros governance process.
What if my religion forbids me from showing my face? What if I am physically unable to speak?
Internal features of the face are the most important for face recognition (see this article) and removing the requirement to pronounce the sentence would decrease the security of the system (speech analysis can be used to detect multiple registrations). For the moment, these edge cases do not allow the person to be registered. If you have a proposal that would enable the secure registration of this edge case (and others), you can submit it through the Kleros governance process.
What if I have an identical twin that also wants to be registered?
While most people have a hard time distinguishing twins, identical twins aren’t actually identical and can be distinguished by skilled individuals. Moreover, facial recognition algorithms tend to do a better job than humans distinguishing between twins. This means a twin submission could be challenged but the twin could probably easily provide evidence that he is a twin to win the dispute.
Where Can I Find Out More?
Join the community chat on Telegram.
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An explainer on how to register for Proof of Humanity and use the platform.
Stuart James
Stuart James
Proof of Humanity (or PoH) is a social identity verification system for humans on Ethereum. PoH combines webs of trust, reverse Turing tests, and dispute resolution to create a sybil-proof list of humans.
There are all sorts of amazing use cases and reasons to be on the PoH registry but for now, let’s look at how it works.
How Do I Register?
Head on over to app.proofofhumanity.id and you’ll be greeted by a screen similar to the above.
Having connected your Web3 wallet (in this case Metamask) click on ‘Submit Profile’ to fill out the required information for your submission. A successfully registered profile requires a number of verification levels such as:
Enter all the required details or risk an incorrect submission challenge. 
Upload the video with your required ETH address clearly shown with the short sentence recorded. We got to beat the robots yo’.
Enter all the details, add the visual content and carefully read over the policy regarding a valid submission.
Once you’ve done all of this, you are ready to submit by paying the deposit. This will be returned to you once the profile is successfully registered.
The deposit exists to help deter the creation of fake or spam accounts. As we will explain later, challenged profiles, which are ruled ‘invalid’ by Kleros jurors, will lose their deposit.
Now that you’ve made your submission, you have to ask people you know to vouch for you. This web of trust adds greater protection to the whole system. In the early days, you will need one already registered user to vouch for you. This number might change in the future.
It is also possible to crowdfund your submission in which the deposit is collectively covered by other users. As you can see in the image above, the default option is ‘Self Fund’. To the right of this button, users can select ‘Crowdfund’ and subsequently share this out on various social media platforms, for example.
Here, you can see a fully registered profile with three vouches (more than the required one) vouches.
Which phases will my profile go through before being registered?
Once you have submitted your profile, it will be in the “Vouching Phase” until you get vouched and your deposit gets fully funded.
Then, your profile will move to the “Pending Registration” phase during which anyone can challenge it if they think you are not human or if it violates the submission guidelines
If your profile isn’t challenged, you are “Registered”.
If you are challenged, you will either go back to “Pending Registration” phase or be “Removed” depending on the ruling of Kleros Court.
Once you are “Registered”, your profile can either expire after a year (if you don’t reapply) or someone can make a request for removal which will move it to the “Pending removal” phase during when anyone can challenge the removal.
If your profile is “Expired”, “Removed” or about to expire soon, you can reapply for submission which will bring you back to the “Vouching Phase”
After you’ve made your submission, your profile will pass through a number of periods en route to registration.
These are as follows:
Challenging Submissions
Users can challenge pending submissions that they think don’t comply with the requirements for acceptance. In order to do it, they need to submit a deposit which serves as a bounty available to other users able to correctly identify false positives in the registry (duplicates, bots, deceased, etc.).
Of course, in tandem to this first layer, there is dispute resolution in the form of Kleros or any other ERC 792 compatible resolution platform.
Relevant challenge types are the following:
When a submission is challenged, the decision goes to dispute resolution in an ERC 792 compliant dispute resolution system. As mentioned, it will originally start with Kleros, although this can be amended by governance.
When a challenge is won, the submission is not directly added but goes back in pending mode. This allows challengers to challenge it again for other reasons (but the same reason can only be used once).
For the duplicate challenge, it is possible to make parallel challenges (If someone challenges a submission for being a duplicate of Alice, someone else can challenge the same submission for being a duplicate of Bob).
If multiple parallel challenges are successful, the challenge referencing the duplicate which was initially submitted will get the bounty (it is possible for a submission to be a duplicate of multiple submissions at the same time due to pending submissions, when this happens, challengers have to challenge the submission pointing at the first submitted duplicate).
Once the challenge period of a pending submission has passed, the submission is accepted and the individual is registered.
Vouching
Users already in the registry can vouch for new people registering. By vouching for someone, a user guarantees that the person they vouch for exists and is not a duplicate of another entry in the registry. You should only vouch for people you have met in person in real life.
Vouching is not financially incentivized in the same way as challenging and submitting, however the more the list grows, the more secure and used it becomes.
Vouching costs gas for now but we are in the process of implementing gasless vouching (signature) in a next version of PoH.
There are a number of caveats with vouching:
A successfully vouched profile can be seen below.
Now the vouch button allows the user to remove their vouch for this profile.
Disputes & Removal Requests
A request to remove someone from the list can be made at any time by submitting a deposit in the same fashion as submission and challenges. Anyone can make this deposit claiming the registration to be correct. If no one does, the individual is removed from the list. If there is a challenge to this removal request, the case goes to dispute.
Note: In the case of a successful removal request, people vouching for the user are not removed from the list.
Universal Basic Income
Universal basic income (UBI) is a token given to all users successfully registered on PoH. The token is streamed to each account every second.
And That’s All!
If you followed this guide by registering a profile, congrats and hope to see you on the final registered list.
For further information see this FAQ post and this use case post.
Where Can I Find Out More?
Join the community chat on Telegram.
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Бутерин: Нужно отказаться от механизма децентрализованного управления при помощи токенов
Основатель Ethereum Виталик Бутерин считает, что используемая большинством проектов модель децентрализованного управления при помощи токенов сдерживает развитие DeFi-пространства и должна быть заменена на альтернативу, которая позволила бы распределять голоса более справедливо.
По его словам, главный недостаток сегодняшнего подхода заключается в искажении стимулов, в результате чего возможны покупка голосов и прямые атаки. К примеру, для достижения определенного исхода голосования кто-то может занять активы и использовать связанные с ними голоса. В результате «заемщик получает управленческие полномочия без экономической заинтересованности, а кредитор имеет экономическую заинтересованность без управленческих полномочий».
В качестве альтернативных способов управления Бутерин предлагает рассмотреть такие подходы, как «Proof-of-Humanity», когда каждый пользователь протокола получает по голосу, и «Proof-of-Participation», когда в принятии решений могут принимать участие только пользователи, внесшие вклад в развитие проекта. Голоса в таком случае могут распределяться среди адресов, выполнивших определенную задачу.
Кроме того, Бутерин предлагает обратить внимание на квадратичное голосование, когда количество голосов участника равно квадратному корню из объема экономических ресурсов, предоставленных им для голосования.
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