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Musical genius Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born to Leopold Mozart and his wife Anna Maria Pertl in Salzburg, Austria on January 27, 1756. Leopold Mozart was a successful composer and violinist and served as assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg court. Mozart and his older sister Maria Anna «Nannerl» were the couple’s only surviving children, and their musical education began at a very young age. The archbishop of the Salzburg court, Sigismund von Schrattenbach was very supportive of the Mozart children’s remarkable activities.
By the time Mozart was five years old, he began composing minuets. The next year, he and his sister were taken to Munich and Vienna to play a series of concert tours. Both children played the harpsichord, but Mozart had also mastered the violin. In 1763, when Mozart was seven years old, his father took leave of his position at the Salzburg court to take the family on an extended concert tour of western Europe. Mozart and his sister performed in the major musical centers, including Stuttgart, Mannheim, Mainz, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris, London, and Amsterdam. They did not return to Salzburg until 1766. During this time, Mozart continued to compose, completing his first symphony at age nine and publishing his first sonatas the same year.
After spending less than a year in Salzburg, the family again departed for Vienna, where Mozart completed his first opera La finta semplice in 1768. Much to Leopold’s frustration, the opera was not performed until the following year in Salzburg. Shortly thereafter, Mozart was appointed honorary Konzertmeister at the Salzburg court.
In 1769, father and son traveled to Italy and toured for more than a year in Rome, Milan, Florence, Naples, and Bologna. While in Italy, Mozart completed another opera, Mitridate, re di Ponto, received a papal audience, passed admission tests to the Accademia Filarmonica, and performed many concerts. Mozart then returned to Salzburg, but traveled to Italy for two shorter journeys in October 1771 and October 1772 through March 1773. During this time he completed two more operas, Ascanio in Alba (1771) and Lucio Silla (1772), eight symphonies, four divertimentos, and several other works.
Archbishop von Schrattenbach, who was a great supporter of Mozart, died in 1771 and was succeeded by Hieronymus von Colloredo. Although Archbishop Colloredo was a less generous employer, Mozart continued in his Salzburg post and worked diligently from 1775 to 1777. However, in an effort to secure a better position, Mozart obtained leave from Salzburg, and set out with his mother in 1777. They traveled through Munich, Augsburg, and Mannheim, but Mozart was not offered a post. The next year they continued on to Paris, where Mozart composed the Paris Symphony. In Paris, Mozart’s mother fell ill and soon after the symphony’s premiere, she died.
Several months later, Mozart returned to Salzburg and was given the post of court organist as well as Konzertmeister. He produced numerous works during this period, including the famous Coronation Mass. In 1780, he was commissioned to compose an Italian opera for Munich. Idomeneo, re di Creta was completed the next year and was very successful. Soon after, Mozart was summoned to Vienna by Archbishop Colloredo, but unhappy with his treatment there, Mozart requested a discharge.
Mozart remained in Vienna and in 1782, against his father’s wishes, he married Constanze Weber. They had six children of which two survived. That same year, he completed the opera Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail, which was an immediate success. From 1782 until 1787, when Mozart was appointed emperor Joseph II’s chamber composer, Mozart was very productive. His works from this period include The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and numerous piano concertos. Unfortunately, Mozart’s income did not keep up with his success. He and his wife lived extravagantly and were continually in debt.
In 1787, Mozart was appointed to the post of Kammercmusicus, although the salary did little to lessen the couple’s financial hardships. The post required Mozart to compose dance music for court balls. In addition, he completed several symphonies and another opera, among other works. In 1791, Mozart was commissioned to compose a score to Schikaneder’s The Magic Flute. He also began working on a commissioned requiem. The Magic Flute was performed in September with due success.
In November, Mozart fell ill, and on December 5, 1791, he died. His death was thought to be a result of «rheumatic inflammatory fever» or kidney failure. It was rumored Mozart was poisoned by a fellow composer named Salieri, but no evidence was ever produced to prove it. Mozart was buried in an unmarked grave, as was customary for those of his social standing, in Vienna.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the greatest composers ever born. Like Shakespeare, he stands at the summit of human achievement. In every form, from serenade to fugue, from piano concerto and symphony to the heights of grand opera, his music amazes, enchants and invades the memory.
Thousands of books have been written about Mozart. Few lives have ever been so well documented as his, and yet he is one of the most mysterious figures in the world.
Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg, Austria.
He began playing the piano at 4, and when he was 5 years old, he already composed serious music. His father took him on tours of Western Europe and Italy and the boy was always a success. Then the prodigy ripened into genius. The genius conquered Vienna and the world. Mozart’s fame was great. He met all the great figures of his time, from Haydn to Goethe, from George III to the luckless Marie Antoinette. But then he suddenly fell from favour. The Vienna aristocracy grew tired of him. He lost pupils and contracts, had to move from his comfortable house in the centre to a modest flat in the suburbs. The genius was forgotten.
Mozart died in 1791, when he was only 35 years old. There’s a legend that Mozart was poisoned by his rival composer Antonio Salieri. There’s no truth in this legend, though it inspired many great poets, writers and composers. But it has been proved that in the last months of his life Mozart really believed that he was pursued by a spirit, «the grey messenger», who appeared and ordered him to write a requiem. In a state of depression Mozart imagined that he was to write the requiem for himself.
Not long ago a 150-volume edition of Mozart’s works was published. His works include 41 symphonies, nearly 30 piano concertos, 19 operas, a vast quantity of orchestral and other instrumental music, and volumes of church music (he wrote it mostly for financial reasons). His most famous operas are Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro.
Перевод
Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт является одним из величайших композиторов когда-либо рожденных. Как и Шекспир, он стоит на вершине человеческих достижений. В любой форме, от серенады до фуги, от фортепианного концерта и симфонии до высот в опере, его музыка поражает, завораживает и овладевает памятью.
Тысячи книг написаны о Моцарте. Немного жизней были так хорошо задокументированы, как его, но он один из самых загадочных фигур в мире.
Моцарт родился в 1756 в Зальцбурге, Австрия.
Он начал играть на фортепьяно в четыре, и, когда ему было 5 лет, он уже писал серьезную музыку. Отец взял его на гастроли по Западной Европе и Италии, и мальчик был всегда успешен. Потом чудо переросло в гения. Гений завоевал Вену и мир. Слава Моцарта была велика. Он встречал всех великих деятелей своего времени, от Гайдна до Гете, от Джорджа III до несчастной Марии-Антуанетты. Но потом он вдруг пал в немилость. Аристократия Вены устала от него. Он потерял учащихся и контракты, и ему пришлось переехать из своего уютного дома в центре, в скромную квартиру в пригороде. Гений был забыт.
Моцарт умер в 1791 году, когда ему было всего 35 лет. Есть легенда, что Моцарт был отравлен своим соперником композитором Антонио Сальери. Нет правды в этой легенде, хотя она вдохновила многих великих поэтов, писателей и композиторов. Но было доказано, что в последние месяцы своей жизни Моцарт верил, что его преследовал дух, » серый вестник», который появился и приказал ему написать реквием. В состоянии депрессии Моцарту казалось, что он должен был написать реквием для себя.
Не так давно было опубликовано 150-томное издания произведений Моцарта. Его работы включают 41 симфонию, около 30 фортепианных концертов, 19 опер, огромное количество оркестровой и другой инструментальной музыки, и тома церковной музыки (он писал ее в основном по финансовым соображениям). Его самые знаменитые оперы «Дон Жуан», «Волшебная флейта» и «Женитьба Фигаро».
Biography Online
Mozart Biography
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was one of the most influential, popular and prolific composers of the classical period. A child prodigy, from an early age he began composing over 600 works, including some of the most famous pieces of symphonic, chamber, operatic, and choral music.
“Music is my life and my life is music. Anyone who does not understand this is not worthy of God.”
– Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Short Biography of Mozart
Mozart was born in Salzburg to a musical family. From an early age, the young Mozart showed all the signs of a prodigious musical talent. By the age of five, he could read and write music, and he would entertain people with his talents on the keyboard. By the age of six, he was writing his first compositions, and by the age of eight had composed his first symphony. Mozart was generally considered to be a rare musical genius, although he was also diligent in studying other great composers such as Haydn and Bach.
His father Leopold, who was also a musician, was quick to see the talent of his young son and became a formidable publicist in showing off his son’s capacities. During his childhood, Mozart was a frequent guest at various palaces around Europe, playing for distinguished guests. In addition to being feted by aristocrats across, Europe, Leopold raised his children as strict Catholics. This included attendance at mass, frequent confession and the veneration of saints. Mozart remained a committed Catholic throughout his life.
Mozart family on tour
Dressed in the finest clothes, the child-genius Mozart left an indelible impression on everyone he met. One of the pre-eminent composers of the day Johann Hasse remarked: “He has done things which for such as age are really incomprehensible; they would be astonishing in an adult.”
Aged 17, he accepted a post as a court musician in Salzburg; although this did not suit him very well. He chaffed at the lack of independence from his patron Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo (the ruler of Salzburg). Mozart was also indignant at his meagre salary (150 florins a year) which left Mozart feeling unappreciated. Yet, despite dissatisfaction and getting involved in rows, the next few years were a time of prolific composition. In 1777, he grew tired of the demands placed on him by his patron and negotiated the release from his contract. He left Salzburg and after travelling to Paris and Germany, he moved permanently to Vienna, Austria where he lived for the remainder of his life.
Initially, Mozart worked for Archbishop Colloredo, but again Mozart felt constrained by the unreasonable demands and limitations placed on him by the Archbishop. For example, the Archbishop sought to prevent Mozart from playing in public concerts. Mozart became angry at these restrictions and confronted the archbishop. Eventually, he was released from his contact with a ‘literal kick up the backside.’ It was a difficult decision because his father sided with the archbishop and felt his son should seek to reconcile with the archbishop. Some biographers see this as an important moment in Mozart’s life as – in a very clear way – Mozart asserted his musical independence even at the cost of his relationship with his father and his financial security.
In Vienna, he became well known and was often in demand as a composer and performer. His dazzling and innovative new compositions were generally admired, although, like many genii, he was ahead of his time. Some criticised his symphonies for being too complicated, however, he received the very sincere praise of all the great composers of the era. Schubert said of Mozart:
“O Mozart! immortal Mozart! What countless impressions of a brighter, better life hast thou stamped upon our souls!”
On a personal level, his strained relationship with his domineering father left Mozart often seeking outer recognition. However, in the realm of music, Mozart was in his own world, he was not constrained by the petty misunderstandings and expectations of society.
“I pay no attention whatever to anybody’s praise or blame. I simply follow my own feelings.”
Drawing of Mozart by Dora Stock, Dresden, April 1789
However, despite his relative fame, he struggled to manage his finances and moved between periods of poverty and prosperity. A trait of Mozart’s character was that he could be frivolous with money; he enjoyed spending on fancy clothes – as soon as he received money he could spend it and he was frequently in debt. Another aspect of Mozart’s character was a playfulness and high-spirits, which could also appear like childishness. He enjoyed pranks and a rough sense of humour, and his care-free attitude could get him into difficulties with the more serious-minded court officials. Yet, Mozart was a man of great contrast and counterpoint. The one moment he could be making a crude joke, the next he could be composing the most sublime and divine music.
Personal life
In 1782, he married Constanze – against the wishes of his father. He remained very close to her for the rest of his life and was very much in love. They had six children but only two survived infancy. Whilst he got closer to Constanze, his relationship with his father deteriorated. His father had been domineering since his childhood, and Mozart increasingly resented his presence.
Early fortepiano played by Mozart
His financial difficulties were enhanced in 1786 when Austria was involved in a war which led to lower demand for musicians. Mozart wrote many letters begging for support from patrons, friends and fellow freemasons. He received only scattered support and supplemented his income by teaching and performing his works.
Death and requiem
In the last year of his life, he began composing one of his greatest works – The Requiem. Mozart died before he could finish. Reasons for his death are not clear. The most likely is a sudden illness – possibly the plague or possibly a combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia. One legend is that he was poisoned by a jealous rival composer Salieri, but this theory is discredited..
His last major work the Requiem was commissioned by Count Franz von Walsegg for his wife who past away. Walsegg may have tried to pass it off as his own work, but a public benefit concert for Constanze frustrated his aim. Many took the Requiem to be autobiographical and written by Mozart for his own life.
Mozart was near bankrupt when he died and he was given a modest burial of a citizen. It was not a pauper’s grave as sometimes claimed. But, in those days, 10 years after burial a citizens grave could be dug up and re-used.
The music of Mozart
The work of Mozart is epic in scope and proportion. There were few branches of music Mozart did not touch. He composed operas, symphonies, concertos, and solo pieces for the piano. His work spanned from joyful light-hearted pieces to powerful, challenging compositions which touched the emotions. At the beginning of his career, Mozart had a powerful ability to learn and remember from the music he heard from others. He was able to incorporate the style and music of people such as Haydn and J.S. Bach. As he matured, he developed his very own style and interpretations. In turn, the music of Mozart very much influenced the early Beethoven.
Mozart was brought up a Roman Catholic and remained a member of the church throughout his life.
“I know myself, and I have such a sense of religion that I shall never do anything which I would not do before the whole world.”
Some of his greatest works are religious in nature such as Ave Verum Corpus and the final Requiem.
Mozart was very productive until his untimely death in 1791, aged 35.
“I never lie down at night without reflecting that young as I am I may not live to see another day.”
In the last year of his life, he composed the opera The Magic Flute, the final piano concerto (K. 595 in B-flat), the Clarinet Concerto K. 622, a string quintet (K. 614 in E-flat), the famous motet Ave Verum Corpus K. 618, and the unfinished Requiem K. 626.
Mozart – 100 Classical Masterpieces
Mozart: A Life
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1)
Wolfgang Mozart is a famous Austrian composer, Mozart was born in 1756 in Salchburg, Austria. His father, a violinist and a composer, noticed wonderful talent of his son and taught him how to play musical instruments and to compose.
Being 4 years old Mozart played the clavier. When he was 5 or 6 years old he started composing music» At the age of 8— 9 Mozart created his first symphonies, and at the age of 10-11 his first creations for musical theatre.
When he was 6 years old his father decided to take him and his sister to the big cities of Europe. Two children gave concerts in Germany, Austria, France, England, Switzerland» The audience was delighted to see such a small boy playing the clavier.
When he was 14 he was invited to Italy. He could not imagine his life without music.
By the age of 19 he was the author of ten major musical works.
At the age of 26 he moved from his native town to Vienna. Though he didn’t have a great success as a composer in Vienne, Mozart wrote many songs, serenades, symphonies.
Burdens of life, poverty and desease speeded up his death. He died at the age of 35.
The real fame came to Mozart only after his death. Many people now know and like his music.
Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт (1)
Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт — известный австрийский композитор.
Моцарт родился в 1756 году в Зальцбурге в Австрии. Его отец, скрипач и композитор, заметил чудесный талант своего сына и научил его играть на музыкальных инструментах и сочинять музыку.
Когда Моцарту было 4 года, он играл на клавесине. Когда ему было 5-6 лет, он начал сочинять музыку. В возрасте 8-9 лет он создал свои первые симфоний и в 10-11 лет — первые произведения для музыкального театра.
Когда ему было 6 лет, его отец решил повезти его и его сестру в большие города Европы. Двое детей давали концерты в Германии, Австрии, Франции, Англии, Швейцарии. Аудитория была в восхищении, видя такого маленького мальчика, играющего на клавесине.
Когда ему было 14 лет, его пригласили в Италию. Он не мог представить свою жизнь без музыки.
Когда ему исполнилось 19, он уже был автором десяти значительных музыкальных произведений.
В 26 лет он переехал из своего родного города в Вену. И хотя он не имел большого успеха как композитор в Вене, Моцарт написал много песен, серенад, симфоний.
Настоящая слава пришла к Моцарту лишь после его смерти. Многие люди сегодня знают и любят его музыку.
1. When was Mozart born?
2. How old was he when he started to play musical instruments?
3. When did he start to compose music?
4. What countries did young Mozart visit?
5. When did the real fame come to Mozart?
6. When did he die?
Vocabulary:
composer — композитор
violinist — скрипач
clavier — клавесин
audience — аудитория
to be delighted — восхищаться
success — успех
burdens — тяготы
poverty — бедность
desease — болезнь
to speed up — ускорить
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91) was an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music in several genres, including opera and symphony. His most famous compositions included the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 (1773), the operas The Marriage of Figaro (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787), and the Jupiter Symphony (1788). In all, Mozart composed more than 600 pieces of music. Today he is widely considered one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music.
Mozart was a child prodigy. His father—a talented violinist—taught him basic notes on the harpsichord. Mozart composed his first piece of music in 1761, at age five; by age six, he had performed before two imperial courts. In 1763 Mozart and his sister, Maria Anna (”Nannerl”), went on tour. For three years the siblings toured western Europe, performing in major cities such as Munich, Augsburg, Paris, and London. In Paris Mozart published his first piece of music, and in London he composed his first symphony. After the tour concluded in 1766, Mozart went to Vienna, where he composed a German singspiel (Bastien und Bastienne) and an Italian opera buffa (La finta semplice). In 1769, 13-year-old Mozart was appointed honorary Konzertmeister at the Salzburg court.
Mozart wrote in all the popular genres of his time, and he excelled in every one. He wrote several successful operas, including The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and The Magic Flute (1791). Mozart also composed a number of symphonies and sonatas. His last symphony—the Jupiter Symphony—is perhaps his most famous. Mozart completed the Jupiter Symphony in 1788, just three years before his death. At his death, Mozart left incomplete his Requiem in D Minor, K 626. The requiem was later completed by Mozart’s student, Franz Xaver Süssmayr.
Mozart was not a revolutionary musician. He rarely experimented with musical form, and he often recycled successful structural formulations in his work. In short, Mozart did not innovate. He mastered. He perfected existing forms and, in so doing, raised the symphony, sonata, and opera to new heights. His later compositions, especially, highlight his versatility and dexterity as a musician. They also showcase his ability to convey feeling through music. Mozart’s immediate successor, Ludwig van Beethoven, expanded on his work. Beethoven, unlike Mozart, did not resist experimenting with form.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in full Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, (born January 27, 1756, Salzburg, archbishopric of Salzburg [Austria]—died December 5, 1791, Vienna), Austrian composer, widely recognized as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. With Haydn and Beethoven he brought to its height the achievement of the Viennese Classical school. Unlike any other composer in musical history, he wrote in all the musical genres of his day and excelled in every one. His taste, his command of form, and his range of expression have made him seem the most universal of all composers; yet, it may also be said that his music was written to accommodate the specific tastes of particular audiences.
Early life and works
Mozart most commonly called himself Wolfgang Amadé or Wolfgang Gottlieb. His father, Leopold, came from a family of good standing (from which he was estranged), which included architects and bookbinders. Leopold was the author of a famous violin-playing manual, which was published in the very year of Mozart’s birth. His mother, Anna Maria Pertl, was born of a middle-class family active in local administration. Mozart and his sister Maria Anna (“Nannerl”) were the only two of their seven children to survive.
The boy’s early talent for music was remarkable. At three he was picking out chords on the harpsichord, at four playing short pieces, at five composing. There are anecdotes about his precise memory of pitch, about his scribbling a concerto at the age of five, and about his gentleness and sensitivity (he was afraid of the trumpet). Just before he was six, his father took him and Nannerl, also highly talented, to Munich to play at the Bavarian court, and a few months later they went to Vienna and were heard at the imperial court and in noble houses.
“The miracle which God let be born in Salzburg” was Leopold’s description of his son, and he was keenly conscious of his duty to God, as he saw it, to draw the miracle to the notice of the world (and incidentally to profit from doing so). In mid-1763 he obtained a leave of absence from his position as deputy Kapellmeister at the prince-archbishop’s court at Salzburg, and the family set out on a prolonged tour. They went to what were all the main musical centres of western Europe—Munich, Augsburg, Stuttgart, Mannheim, Mainz, Frankfurt, Brussels, and Paris (where they remained for the winter), then London (where they spent 15 months), returning through The Hague, Amsterdam, Paris, Lyon, and Switzerland, and arriving back in Salzburg in November 1766. In most of these cities Mozart, and often his sister, played and improvised, sometimes at court, sometimes in public or in a church. Leopold’s surviving letters to friends in Salzburg tell of the universal admiration that his son’s achievements aroused. In Paris they met several German composers, and Mozart’s first music was published (sonatas for keyboard and violin, dedicated to a royal princess); in London they met, among others, Johann Christian Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach’s youngest son and a leading figure in the city’s musical life, and under his influence Mozart composed his first symphonies—three survive (K 16, K 19, and K 19a—K signifying the work’s place in the catalog of Ludwig von Köchel). Two more followed during a stay in The Hague on the return journey (K 22 and K 45a).
After little more than nine months in Salzburg the Mozarts set out for Vienna in September 1767, where (apart from a 10-week break during a smallpox epidemic) they spent 15 months. Mozart wrote a one-act German singspiel, Bastien und Bastienne, which was given privately. Greater hopes were attached to his prospect of having an Italian opera buffa, La finta semplice (“The Feigned Simpleton”), done at the court theatre—hopes that were, however, frustrated, much to Leopold’s indignation. But a substantial, festal mass setting (probably K 139/47a) was successfully given before the court at the dedication of the Orphanage Church. La finta semplice was given the following year, 1769, in the archbishop’s palace in Salzburg. In October Mozart was appointed an honorary Konzertmeister at the Salzburg court.
Still only 13, Mozart had by now acquired considerable fluency in the musical language of his time, and he was especially adept at imitating the musical equivalent of local dialects. The early Paris and London sonatas, the autographs of which include Leopold’s helping hand, show a childlike pleasure in patterns of notes and textures. But the London and The Hague symphonies attest to his quick and inventive response to the music he had encountered, as, with their enrichment of texture and fuller development, do those he produced in Vienna (such as K 43 and, especially, K 48). And his first Italian opera shows a ready grasp of the buffo style.