sniffing smelling salts что это
smelling salts
Смотреть что такое «smelling salts» в других словарях:
Smelling salts — are chemical compounds used to arouse consciousness. One such compound is ammonium carbonate, a colorless to white, crystalline solid ((NH4)2CO3.H2O). Smelling salts release ammonia [NH3] gas, which irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and… … Wikipedia
smelling salts — n [plural] a strong smelling chemical that you hold under someone s nose to make them conscious again when they have ↑fainted … Dictionary of contemporary English
Smelling salts — Smell ing salts An aromatic preparation of carbonate of ammonia and, often, some scent, to avoid or relieve faintness, headache, or the like. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
smelling salts — n pl but sing or pl in constr a usu. scented aromatic preparation of ammonium carbonate and ammonia water used as a stimulant and restorative * * * aromatized ammonium carbonate: stimulant and restorative … Medical dictionary
smelling salts — ► PLURAL NOUN chiefly historical ▪ ammonium carbonate mixed with perfume, sniffed by someone who feels faint … English terms dictionary
smelling salts — n. an aromatic mixture of carbonate of ammonium with some fragrant scent, used as an inhalant in relieving faintness, headaches, etc … English World dictionary
smelling salts — noun a pungent preparation of ammonium carbonate and perfume; sniffed as a stimulant to relieve faintness • Hypernyms: ↑formulation, ↑preparation • Substance Meronyms: ↑spirits of ammonia, ↑sal volatile * * * noun [plural] : a chemical that has a … Useful english dictionary
smelling salts — N PLURAL A bottle of smelling salts contains a chemical with a strong smell which is used to help someone recover after they have fainted … English dictionary
smelling salts — smell′ing salts n. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a preparation for smelling, essentially of ammonium carbonate with some agreeable scent, used as a stimulant and restorative • Etymology: 1830–40 … From formal English to slang
smelling salts — a preparation for smelling, essentially of ammonium carbonate with some agreeable scent, used as a stimulant and restorative. [1830 40] * * * … Universalium
smelling salts — noun (plural) a strong smelling chemical that you hold under someone s nose to make them conscious again … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
Что такое нюхательная соль?
Как сообщает нам Большая медицинская энциклопедия
НЮХАТЕЛЬНАЯ СОЛЬ (англ. smelling-salts), лекарственная форма для вдыхания летучих лекарственных средств, предложенная в 17 в. Ф. Сильвиусом (Frangois de le Воё Sylvius). Аммиачные Н. с. состоят из кусков углеаммониевой соли (Ammonium carbonicum), увлажненных крепким («тройным») нашатырным спиртом, с добавлением летучих ароматных веществ (скипидара, лавандового, бергамотного масла, терпинеола, ментола, камфоры); «кислые» Н. с. содержат куски уксуснонатриевой или же уксус-нокалиевой соли, смоченные ледяной уксусной кислотой (5—6% от веса соли), с добавлением вышеупомянутых летучих ароматных веществ. Отпускаются в хорошо закупоренных склянках. Употребляются (главным образом в Англии и Америке) при обмороке, опьянении и т. п. В СССР и странах центр. Европы эта форма вышла из употребления. Другие близкие формы: нюхательный порошок—смесь, предназначенная для применения «понюшками» наподобие нюхательного табака; обычный состав (в мельчайших порошках): борная кислота, кофе, донник, иногда нюхательный табак и т. п. с примесью ментола, тимола, бетола. Имеются смеси с салициловой к-той и даже с вератрином; эти смеси могут оказаться опасными (см.Вератрьн). Применяются при насморке. Для вдыханий служит также форма «холодных папирос»: в трубке в длинном мундштуке помещается | между двумя слоями ваты (или марли и т. п.) небольшое количество ментола или других сильно пахучих веществ. При вдыхании сквозь такую трубку воздух насыщается запахом помещенных в трубке средств. Употребляется также пропитанная летучими лекарственными веществами вата, которая вводится в нос (при болезнях носоглотки) и действует газообразной частью. Такая вата— сФорман», пропитанная смесью формалина и ментола или же сложным эфиром (хлормети-ловым эфиром ментола), полученным из этих инп>едиентов, приготовляется, разными заводами в СССР. Все эти нюхательные формы (как и газообразные лекарственные формы вообще) страдают неточностью дозировки действующих начал и поэтому применяются там, где имеется в виду их качественное действие, а колич. отношения несущественны.
smelling salts
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pepper-upper bath salts — соли для ванны, поднимающие тонус
vegetation of salts — выцветание соли; солевые выцветы
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См. также в других словарях:
Smelling salts — are chemical compounds used to arouse consciousness. One such compound is ammonium carbonate, a colorless to white, crystalline solid ((NH4)2CO3.H2O). Smelling salts release ammonia [NH3] gas, which irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and… … Wikipedia
smelling salts — n [plural] a strong smelling chemical that you hold under someone s nose to make them conscious again when they have ↑fainted … Dictionary of contemporary English
Smelling salts — Smell ing salts An aromatic preparation of carbonate of ammonia and, often, some scent, to avoid or relieve faintness, headache, or the like. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
smelling salts — n pl but sing or pl in constr a usu. scented aromatic preparation of ammonium carbonate and ammonia water used as a stimulant and restorative * * * aromatized ammonium carbonate: stimulant and restorative … Medical dictionary
smelling salts — ► PLURAL NOUN chiefly historical ▪ ammonium carbonate mixed with perfume, sniffed by someone who feels faint … English terms dictionary
smelling salts — n. an aromatic mixture of carbonate of ammonium with some fragrant scent, used as an inhalant in relieving faintness, headaches, etc … English World dictionary
smelling salts — noun a pungent preparation of ammonium carbonate and perfume; sniffed as a stimulant to relieve faintness • Hypernyms: ↑formulation, ↑preparation • Substance Meronyms: ↑spirits of ammonia, ↑sal volatile * * * noun [plural] : a chemical that has a … Useful english dictionary
smelling salts — N PLURAL A bottle of smelling salts contains a chemical with a strong smell which is used to help someone recover after they have fainted … English dictionary
smelling salts — smell′ing salts n. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a preparation for smelling, essentially of ammonium carbonate with some agreeable scent, used as a stimulant and restorative • Etymology: 1830–40 … From formal English to slang
smelling salts — a preparation for smelling, essentially of ammonium carbonate with some agreeable scent, used as a stimulant and restorative. [1830 40] * * * … Universalium
smelling salts — noun (plural) a strong smelling chemical that you hold under someone s nose to make them conscious again … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
Sniffing smelling salts что это
What are Smelling Salts?
Smelling salts have been used for everything, from reviving those who have fainted to athletes needing a chemically-induced “wake up.” But what are smelling salts? Are they actually an effective medical treatment? How do they work? Are they toxic and dangerous?
Smelling salts aren’t what most people think of as “salt”; there isn’t sodium in smelling salts. The main and most active ingredient is ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3H2O), a solid chemical compound that, when mixed with water (H2O), releases ammonia gas. Ammonium carbonate also goes by “baker’s ammonia,” due to the fact that it was used as a leavening agent prior to the popularity of baking soda or powder in the early to mid-19th century. In fact, baker’s ammonia is still used in a few traditional Scandinavian Christmas time recipes like Speculoos (spiced shortbread biscuit) and Lebkuchen (similar to a gingerbread cookie). Often, another main ingredient in smelling salts is some component that masks the terrible smell of ammonia gas, usually perfume or, even, flowers.
There are cheaper imitation forms of “smelling salts,” which consist of diluted ammonia dissolved in water, along with ethanol and perfume. As the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out, these types of mixtures are not actually smelling salts and would be more accurately termed “aromatic spirits of ammonia.”
Smelling salts work because the human body aggressively reacts to the ammonia gas in several ways. When sniffed, the gas irritates the nostril membranes and lungs, so much so that it triggers a sharp inhalation reflex, bringing in more air and thus more oxygen. This can result in improved alertness. When a person passes out, they sometimes lose consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain. Sniffing smelling salts can raise a person’s blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels, helping brain activity and reactivating the sympathetic nervous system.
While medical research does confirm that sniffing smelling salts by someone who has had a fainting spell can in some cases be beneficial, the question of the toxicity of ammonia gas remains. Exposure to large amounts of ammonia gas can cause lung damage, blindness, and even death. It is also highly explosive and corrosive. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) even set a 15 minute safe exposure level for highly concentrated ammonia gas.
That being said, the amount of ammonia gas that is being breathed in with a snort of smelling salts is minimal and only causes its intended effect – irritation of the nose and lungs. There has never been a known case of someone dying of ammonia gas poisoning due to using smelling salts.
If you’re curious who came up with this method of reviving unconscious individuals, the Romans were the first to use smelling salts to “awaken” the senses. The writings of the Roman philosopher and author Pliny the Elder mention Hammoniacus sal, most prominently in his encyclopedia Natural History. There is debate if it is related to the 13th century word sal ammoniac, a rare mineral made out of ammonium carbonate that was well-known to alchemists. Written about by Albertus Magnus and other alchemists, sal ammoniac was experimented with and distilled in their attempts to discover the philosopher’s stone. (Similar experiments searching for the philosopher’s stone, this time playing with massive amounts of human urine, gave us the first element discovered since ancient times.)
More practically, sal ammoniac was used in the Middle Ages to change the color of vegetable dyes. In the 17th century, it was discovered that a liquid solution of ammonia could be distilled from the shavings of deer hooves and antlers. When crystallized, it was seen to also have carbon, making ammonia carbonate – then called “salt of hartshorn” when made in this way.
Britain’s Victorian era brought along the use of smelling salts as a medical treatment. Police officers and emergency workers carried smelling salts around as “lady revivers” – presumably because females fainted more often than men (see: Why Did Women Faint So Much During the 19th Century). As expressed in this 1878 manual, written by Surgeon Major Dr. Peter Sheppard of Britain’s Army Medical Department, entitled The Treatment to Restore Natural Breathing and Circulation:
“Rule 4 – “To Excite Inspiration – During the employment of the above method excite the nostrils with snuff or smelling salts, tickle the throat with a feather. Rub the chest and face briskly, and dash cold and hot water alternately on them.”
Beginning in the early 20th century, boxers began using smelling salts during boxing matches to keep themselves alert after a particular hard blow to the head. In theory, it “revived” the fighter enough that he would stay conscious long enough to finish the match. More recently, smelling salts have been banned in competitive boxing, first in Britain (in the late 1950s) and then in America (in the 1960s). This isn’t due to the inherent dangers of ammonia gas, but rather that it potentially hides a more serious injury. The reasonable assumption goes that if someone needs to be revived by the use of smelling salts, then there is a much larger medical issue (head trauma, concussions, neck issues) at stake and they should not be going back into the ring.
While smelling salts have been banned in boxing for years, they are still legal in other sports. In fact, there has been in a rise in use of them, especially in football and hockey, where jarring hits can make one woozy. Peyton Manning, Michael Strahan, Landon Donovan, Alexander Ovechkin, Samuel Eto’o, Brett Favre, and Tom Brady are just a few of the more prominent players who have either admitted to or have been photographed sniffing smelling salts on the sidelines.
In 2005, the Florida Times-Union (out of Jacksonville, Florida) published a story about the rise of smelling salts usage, with many players admitting that they use them before every game, even multiple times throughout the game, because “Players speculated that (smelling salts) raised their adrenaline levels by a factor of 10.” Of course, there is debate on whether or not this is really just all in their heads. Outside of the placebo effect, they could, very likely, get the same physiological results from simply taking several deep breaths, and without needing to regularly inhale a highly toxic gas.
Beyond whether it’s actually doing anything helpful or not, one company that produces the smelling salt tablets (usually how smelling salts are sold today) released a statement at the time that said “ammonia inhalants are used for inhalation only to prevent or treat fainting.” A spokesperson for the company elaborated on the statement for the article and said, “that if the players are utilizing the cartridges to clear their nasal passages or as a performance enhancer, then they are not using them in the designed manner. They were constructed to be used very sparingly, and only to wake up an unconscious person.”
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What are Smelling Salts?
Historically, the use of smelling salts first dates back to Roman times. Use continued through the middle-ages and was popularized in the 17 th century for relief or reversal of fainting. At that time the solution was created from distilling shavings of deer antlers and hooves, then mixed with perfume. Smelling salts were later used extensively in the Second World War and carried by medics to treat unconscious or fainting soldiers. 2
The active ingredient in smelling salts is typically ammonium carbonate, and may include alcohol, or perfumes to enhance the effect of the scent. A modern smelling salt stick contains a glass vial with the active ingredients, and red dye. When cracked, the ammonia gas is released and can be inhaled for its desired effect.
When inhaled, ammonia (NH3) causes irritation of the membranous linings of the nose and lungs, leading to a vigorous inhalation reflex. Its pungent odour and this reflex are thought to help rouse a patient from unconsciousness.
This same effect is taken advantage of by athletes looking for a competitive edge in energy and focus. Athletes in sports such as boxing, football, hockey, and powerlifting are known to use regularly. In 2005 it was estimated that 70-80% of professional football players were using smelling salts. 3
In general, smelling salts are considered to be safe. To date, there are no known cases of ammonia inhalants directly causing injury or illness when used appropriately. Some experts have cautioned use particularly in potentially concussed athletes as the effects of the smelling salts may mask the signs an symptoms of a concussion. 1
In conclusion, smelling salts have a long history of use, dating back centuries. For most of that time the use was directed to prevent or reverse fainting episodes. Recently, modern athletes and competitors have found smelling salts a safe and effective way to boost energy a give themselves a competitive edge.
With eSports and online gaming poised to be the next major breakthrough in competitive action, Billy’s Smelling Salts believes ammonia inhalants will continue to follow the talent.